Predictive Value of Exercise Blood Pressure Changes for Orthostatic Hypotension in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease

Background@#and Purpose Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is common in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Early recognition OH is required with sensitive assessments. The purpose of this study was to determine whether blood pressure (BP) changes during exercise can predict the occurrence of OH in PD. @*Methods@#This prospective cohort study included 80 consecutive patients with PD. All patients agreed to participate in a baseline evaluation and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET).According to the initial active standing test (AST), those without OH (PD-nonOH) at baseline had their AST results followed up for 6 months. The main outcome was defined as whether patients without OH at baseline would develop OH after 6 months. Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify the relevant variables. A nomogram was constructed based on clinical features and identified variables. The concordance index (C-index) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the accuracy and predictive ability of the nomogram, respectively. @*Results@#CPET results indicated that peak load, peak heart rate, heart rate recovery at 1 min, and systolic BP change (ΔSBP) were lower in those with OH than in the PD-nonOH group (p<0.05) at baseline. Logistic regression analysis indicated that peak load and ΔSBP during CPET had significant effects on OH (p<0.05). Age, sex, peak load, and ΔSBP were used to construct the nomogram model (C-index=0.761). The prediction model had an AUC of 0.782 (95% confidence interval=0.649–0.889) and a specificity and sensitivity of 70.0% and 81.8%, respectively. @*Conclusions@#This study has identified predictive factors for OH development in patients with PD. CPET could be used as a complementary examination to identify patients at a high risk of OH.

Clinical Features and Prognosis of Multiple Myeloma Patients with Secondary Primary Malignancies / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of multiple myeloma(MM) patients with secondary primary malignancies.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of newly diagnosed MM patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2011 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients with secondary primary malignancies were retrieved, and their clinical features and prognosis were evaluated.@*RESULTS@#A total of 1 935 patients with newly diagnosed MM were admitted in this period, with a median age of 62 (18-94) years old, of which 1 049 cases were hospitalized twice or more. There were eleven cases with secondary primary malignancies (the incidence rate was 1.05%), including three cases of hematological malignancies (2 cases of acute myelomonocytic leukemia and 1 case of acute promyelocytic leukemia) and eight cases of solid tumors (2 cases of lung adenocarcinoma, and 1 case each of endometrial cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, primary liver cancer, bladder cancer, cervical squamous cell carcinoma, and meningioma). The median age of onset was 57 years old. The median time between diagnosis of secondary primary malignancies and diagnosis of MM was 39.4 months. There were seven cases with primary or secondary plasma cell leukemia, the incidence rate was 0.67%, and the median age of onset was 52 years old. Compared with the randomized control group, the β2-microglobulin level in the secondary primary malignancies group was lower (P=0.028), and more patients were in stage I/II of ISS (P=0.029). Among the 11 patients with secondary primary malignancies, one survived, ten died, and the median survival time was 40 months. The median survival time of MM patients after the secondary primary malignancies was only seven months. All seven patients with primary or secondary plasma cell leukemia died, with a median survival time of 14 months. The median overall survival time of MM patients with secondary primary malignancies was longer than that of the patients with plasma cell leukemia (P=0.027).@*CONCLUSION@#The incidence rate of MM with secondary primary malignancies is 1.05%. MM patients with secondary primary malignancies have poor prognosis and short median survival time, but the median survival time is longer than that of patients with plasma cell leukemia.

Prognostic Significance of LPCAT1 in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients with FAB Subtype M2 / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the prognostic value of LPCAT1 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).@*METHODS@#TaqMan-based reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect relative expression of LPCAT1 in 214 newly diagnosed adult AML patients and 24 normal controls. Survival functions were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and were compared by the Log-rank test. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to identify prognostic factors.@*RESULTS@#The expression level of LPCAT1 in adult AML was 34.37%(1.83%-392.63%), which was significantly lower than 92.81%(2.60%-325.84%) of normal controls (P<0.001). The prognostic significance of LPCAT1 was evaluated in 171 non-acute promyelocytic leukemia patients with complete clinical information and prognostic data. Survival analysis showed that the expression level of LPCAT1 had no significant effect on the prognosis of the whole cohort. However, in AML patients with FAB subtype M2 (AML-M2), the 2-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rate of patients with low LPCAT1 expression was 35.4%(95%CI: 0.107-0.601), which was significantly lower than 79.2%(95%CI: 0.627-0.957) of patients with high LPCAT1 expression (P=0.012). Multivariate analysis showed that low expression of LPCAT1 was an independent risk factor for RFS of AML-M2 patients (HR=0.355, 95%CI: 0.126-0.966, P=0.049).@*CONCLUSION@#In adult AML patients LPCAT1 shows low expression. Low LPCAT1 expression is an independent risk factor for RFS in M2-AML patients.

Effect of Cyr61 on Imatinib Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Its Mechanism / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of Cyr61 on imatinib (IM) resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and its mechanism.@*METHODS@#Cyr61 level in cell culture supernatant was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of Cyr61 and Bcl-xL were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot. Cell apoptosis was analyzed using an Annexin V-APC Kit. Expression of signal pathways related proteins was determined by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#The level of Cyr61 obviously increased in K562G cells (IM resistance to CML cell line K562). Down-regulating the expression of Cyr61 decreased the resistance of K562G cells to IM and promoted IM induced apoptosis. In CML mouse model, down-regulating the expression of Cyr61 could increase the sensitivity of K562G cells to IM. The mechanism studies showed that Cyr61 mediated IM resistance in CML cells was related to the regulation of ERK1/2 pathways and apoptosis related molecule Bcl-xL by Cyr61.@*CONCLUSION@#Cyr61 plays an important role in promoting IM resistance of CML cells. Targeting Cyr61 or its related effectors pathways may be one of the ways to overcome IM resistance of CML cells.

Multiparametric ultrasound for the assessment of testicular lesions with negative tumoral markers / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of multiparametric ultrasound (mpUS; grayscale US, color Doppler US, strain elastography, and contrast-enhanced US) in the assessment of testicular lesions with negative tumoral markers. MpUS imaging data, patient age, serum tumor markers, scrotal pain, cryptorchidism, and related clinical information were retrospectively collected for patients who underwent mpUS examination between January 2013 and December 2019. Histologic results or follow-up examinations were used as the reference standard. In total, 83 lesions from 79 patients were included in the analysis. Fifty-six patients were finally diagnosed with benign tumors, and 23 patients were ultimately diagnosed with malignant tumors. Chi-square tests or Fisher's exact tests were used to assess the difference between the two groups. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lesion diameter (odds ratio [OR] = 1.072, P = 0.005), vascularization on color Doppler US (OR = 4.066, P = 0.001), and hyperenhancement during the early phase (OR = 6.465, P = 0.047) were significant independent risk factors for malignancy; however, when compared with neoplastic lesions, pain (OR = 0.136, P < 0.001), absence of vascularization on color Doppler US (OR = 1.680, P = 0.042), and nonenhancement during the late phase (OR = 3.461, P = 0.031) were strongly associated with nonneoplastic lesions. MpUS features are useful for differentiating testicular lesions with negative tumoral markers and improving the preoperative diagnosis, which may avoid inappropriate radical orchiectomy.

Monoterpenoids from Paeoniae Radix Rubra based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS / 中国中药杂志

The ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used to conduct the qualitative analysis of the monoterpene chemical components from Paeoniae Radix Rubra. Gradient elution was performed on C_(18) HD(2.1 mm×100 mm, 2.5 μm) column with a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid(A) and acetonitrile(B). The flow rate was 0.4 mL·min~(-1) and the column temperature was 30 ℃. MS analysis was conducted in both positive and negative ionization modes using electrospray ionization(ESI) source. Qualitative Analysis 10.0 was used for data processing. The identification of chemical components was realized by the combination of standard compounds, fragmentation patterns, and mass spectra data reported in the literature. Forty-one monoterpenoids in Paeoniae Radix Rubra extract were identified. Among them, 8 compounds were reported in Paeoniae Radix Rubra for the first time and 1 was presumed to be the new compound 5″-O-methyl-galloylpaeoniflorin or its positional isomer. The method in this study realizes the rapid identification of monoterpenoids from Paeoniae Radix Rubra and provides a material and scientific basis for quality control and further study on the pharmaceutical effect of Paeoniae Radix Rubra.

Short-term efficacy of dapagliflozin in children with hereditary proteinuric kidney disease / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To explore the short-term efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in children with hereditary proteinuric kidney disease. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. From August 2020 to December 2021, 23 children with hereditary kidney disease from Children's Hospital of Fudan University were enrolled. Patients received dapagliflozin 5 mg/d (weight≤30 kg) or initial dose 5 mg/d for 1 week, then 10 mg/d (weight>30 kg) and the dose of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors was stable during treatment. Clinical data including demographic parameters, primary diagnosis, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), 24 h proteinuria and characteristics in the follow-up were collected. The primary outcome was the change in 24 h proteinuria at 12 (±2) weeks, secondary outcomes included changes of 24 h proteinuria at 24 (±2) weeks, eGFR at both 12 (±2) and 24 (±2) weeks. The data were analysed by using mixed linear model. Results: Totally 23 patients were enrolled, including 16 males and 7 females. The age was (10.8±2.9) years. The primary diseases were Alport syndrome (12 cases), Dent disease (5 cases), proteinuria (4 cases), and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (2 cases) respectively. Primary outcome showed that 24 h proteinuria decreased from baseline at 12 (±2) weeks during treatment (1.75 (1.46, 2.20) vs. 1.84 (1.14, 2.54) g/m2, P<0.05). Secondary outcomes showed that there was no significant difference in 24 h urine protein at 24 (±2) weeks (P>0.05). eGFR decreased slightly at 12 (±2) weeks ((107±21) vs. (112±28) ml/(min·1.73m2), P<0.05), and there was no significant difference at 24 (±2) weeks (P>0.05). Serum albumin increased at 12 (±2) and 24 (±2) weeks following the treatment ((39±8) vs. (37±8) g/L, (38±7) vs. (37±8) g/L, both P<0.05). No hypoglycemia event was reported during the treatment. Conclusion: The dapagliflozin had therapeutic effects on decreasing proteinuria and increasing serum albumin in short-term treatment in children with hereditary proteinuric kidney disease, no hypoglycemia or serious adverse events were observed.

Surgical treatment for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma:a single-center experience / 中华外科杂志

Objective: To investigate surgical strategies and the corresponding benefits for patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma(pCCA). Methods: A total of 81 patients with pCCA who underwent radical excision in the Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital between January 2014 and December 2021 were retrospectively collected.The cohort consisted of 50 male and 31 female patients,with an age of (62.5±11.5)years(range:26 to 83 years).Seventy-five cases were diagnosed with jaundice,60 of whom received preoperative biliary drainage,while 20 patients received portal vein embolization.Their serum bilirubin level within one week before the operation(M(IQR)) was 44.3 (41.9) μmol/L(range:8.0 to 344.2 μmol/L).Preoperative imaging examinations were performed to evaluate the Bismuth-Corlette type of pCCA,showing 3,6,21,27,and 24 cases of Bismuth-Corlette type Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲa,Ⅲb,and Ⅳ,respectively.The primary outcome was overall survival (OS),and the secondary outcomes were relapse-free survival (RFS),90-day postoperative morbidity and 90-day postoperative mortality.OS and RFS were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the Log-rank test.Significant prognostic factors were determined using univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. Results: In the cohort of 81 pCCA patients,67 cases(82.7%) underwent major hepatectomy while 3 cases received major hepatectomy combined with pancreaticoduodenectomy.Thirty-four patients underwent hepatectomy combined with vascular resection and reconstruction(18 cases of portal vein resection and reconstruction alone;9 cases of hepatic artery resection and reconstruction alone;7 cases of combination of portal vein and hepatic artery resection and reconstruction).Margin negative(R0 excision) were achieved in 53.1%(43/81) of these patients.The operation duration was (627±136)minutes(range:565 to 940 minutes),and the intraoperative blood loss was 400(455)ml(range:200 to 2 800 ml).The 90-day postoperative mortality was 3.7%(3/81).Grade 3-4 postoperative morbidity was 23.4% (19/81) according to the Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications.Up to the last follow-up at September 2022,the follow-up time was 34.0(24.2)months (range:0.4 to 103.6 months).Three patients who died within 90 days after surgery were excluded from the survival analysis.The median OS was 36.10 months (95%CI:18.23 to 42.97 months) and the 1-,3-and 5-year OS rates were 85.3%,46.8% and 27.3%,respectively.The median OS of 41 patients with negative margins was 47.83 months(95%CI:36.90 to 58.80 months) and that of 37 patients with positive margins was 20.47 months(95%CI:10.52 to 30.58 months).The median RFS of 70 patients with R0 and R1 resection was 24.50 months(95%CI:12.15 to 31.85 months)and the 1-,3-and 5-year RFS rates were 65.2%,45.7% and 29.9%,respectively.The median RFS of 41 patients with R0 resection was 38.57 months(95%CI:21.50 to 55.63 months) and that of 29 patients with R1 resection was 10.83 months(95%CI:2.82 to 19.86 months). Conclusions: The primary therapy for pCCA is radical surgical resection.A precise preoperative evaluation and sufficient preparation can reduce postoperative morbidity.Surgical treatment can achieve a better survival outcome by increasing the radical resection rate.

Efficacy of intravascular ultrasound versus coronary angiographic guided drug-eluting stent implantation in the treatment of left main coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To compare the efficacy of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and coronary angiography guided drug eluting stent (DES) implantation for the treatment of left main coronary artery (LMCA) lesions. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCT) and observational studies, which compared IVUS with coronary angiography guided DES implantation for the treatment of LMCA lesions published before August 2021 were searched in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases. Baseline data, interventional procedures and endpoint events of each study were collected. The primary endpoint was major cardiovascular adverse events (MACE), and the secondary endpoints were all-cause death, cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), target lesion revascularization (TLR) and target vessel revascularization (TVR). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool were used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Results: Nine studies were included, including 3 RCT and 6 observational studies, with a total of 5 527 cases of LMCA. All the 6 observational studies had NOS scores≥6, and the 3 RCT had a low risk of overall bias. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with coronary angiography guided group, MACE rate (OR=0.55, 95%CI 0.47-0.66, P<0.001), all-cause death (OR=0.56, 95%CI 0.43-0.74, P<0.001), cardiac death (OR=0.43, 95%CI 0.30-0.61, P<0.001), MI (OR=0.64, 95%CI 0.52-0.79, P<0.001), TLR (OR=0.49, 95%CI 0.28-0.86, P=0.013) and TVR (OR=0.77, 95%CI 0.60-0.98, P=0.037) were all significantly lower in the IVUS guided group. Conclusions: Compared with angiography guided, IVUS guided PCI with DES implantation in LMCA lesions could significantly reduce the risk of MACE, death, MI, TLR and TVR. IVUS is thus superior to coronary angiography for guiding PCI treatment among patients with LMCA.

Effects of wearing orthokeratology lens on ocular surface and meibomian gland in children and adolescents of different ages / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the effect of orthokeratology lens on ocular surface and meibomian gland in children and adolescents of different ages.METHODS: A total of 120 cases(240 eyes)of myopic children and adolescents treated in the optometry clinic of our hospital from December 2020 to February 2021 were retrospectively selected, and they were divided into the orthokeratology group(60 cases, 120 eyes)and the frame glasses group(60 cases, 120 eyes)according to the myopia correction methods. The changes in ocular surface and meibomian gland after wearing glasses were analyzed, and those changes in patients of different ages were compared between the two groups.RESULTS: Corneal curvature decreased, non-invasive tear film break-up time(NIBUT)shortened and meibomian gland score increased at 3, 6, 9 and 12mo in the orthokeratology group after wearing lens, while lower tear meniscus height increased at 6, 9 and 12mo compared with that before wearing lens. In the frame glasses group, the lower tear meniscus height was higher at 6 and 9mo than that before wearing glasses(both P&#x003C;0.05). At the same time point, the corneal curvature of the orthokeratology group was significantly lower than that of the frame glasses group at all time points, the NIBUT at 3, 9 and 12mo after wearing the lens was shorter than that of the frame glasses group and the meibomian gland scores were higher at 6, 9 and 12mo than those at the same time point in the glasses group(all P&#x003C;0.05). After wearing lens for 12mo, the corneal curvature of the orthokeratology group at all ages was significantly lower than that of the frame glasses group, the NIBUT of the orthokeratology group at 8 to 12 years old and 13 to 15 years old was significantly lower than that of the frame glasses group, and the meibomian gland score was significantly higher than that of the frame glasses group(all P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION: Orthokeratology lens may affect the ocular surface and meibomian glands function, and the effects on ocular surface are more pronounced in children and adolescents under 12 years old. Therefore, younger children and adolescents could be prioritized for myopia correction with framed glasses, and then wearing orthokeratology lens when they get older.

Effect of orthokeratology combined with 0.01% atropine solution on adolescents with myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of orthokeratology combined with 0.01% atropine solution in adolescents with myopia.METHODS: A total of 100 adolescent myopic patients(100 right eyes)who received treatment at the Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Hengshui from January 2019 to January 2022 were enrolled. All patients were divided into two groups based on the patient's preferences and randomized controlled principles: control group(n=50)and experimental group(n=50). Patients in the control group received orthokeratology alone, while those in the experimental group received orthokeratology in combination with 0.01% atropine solution. Treatment data for both groups were collected at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12mo after treatment. The observed indicators included refraction, corneal curvature, axial length(AL), central corneal thickness(CCT), pupil diameter(PD), lipid layer thickness(LLT), break-up Time(BUT), root-mean-square of higher-order aberration(RMSh), subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT), corneal endothelial cell density(CD), and hexagonal cell ratio(HEX). The adverse reactions experienced during follow-up period were also observed and recorded.RESULTS: After 12mo of treatment, the refraction, corneal curvature, and AL in the experimental group were -2.42±0.17D, 38.89±1.18D and 25.44±0.23mm, respectively, which were significantly better than the control group(-2.56±0.19D, 40.12±1.65D and 25.54±0.19 mm, all P&#x003C;0.05). The CCT of the experimental group(538±33 μm)was lower than that of the control group(545±41 μm), while the PD of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group(6.38±0.38 mm vs. 6.12±0.37 mm, P&#x003C;0.05). LLT and BUT in the experimental group was 61.14±8.41 nm and 9.24±2.05s, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group(56.14±7.22 nm and 7.27±1.99s, all P&#x003C;0.05). RMSh in the experimental group was lower than that of the control group(0.73±0.21 μm vs. 0.85±0.12 μm, P&#x003C;0.05), and SFCT in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(289±55 μm vs. 282±59 μm, P&#x003C;0.05). Additionally, after 12mo of treatment, there was no significant difference in CD and HEX between the experimental group and the control group(all P&#x003E;0.05). The main adverse reactions of both groups during treatment period were photophobia, anaphylaxis, conjunctivitis and keratitis, but there was no significant difference between the two groups(all P&#x003E;0.05).CONCLUSION: Compared to orthokeratology alone, the combination of orthokeratology and 0.01% atropine solution effectively prevents and improves the development of adolescent myopia without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions.

Accuracy of Wang-Koch axial length adjustment formulas in calculating postoperative refractive power in cataract patients with high myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To compare the accuracy between Wang-Koch axial length adjustment formulas(SRK/TWK, Holladay ⅠWK)and SRK/T, Haigis, Holladay Ⅰ, Hoffer Q in calculating intraocular lens power of cataract patients with high myopia.METHODS: A total of 42 cataract patients with high myopia(57 eyes)were collected. All eyes underwent phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation surgery in our Hospital from September 2019 to March 2022. They were divided into two groups according to the axial length(AL): group A(27mm≤AL&#x003C;30mm, 31 eyes)and group B(AL≥30mm, 26 eyes). Patients were followed up at 3mo. The actual postoperative diopter was recorded, and then the refractive mean numerical error(MNE)and mean absolute error(MAE)were calculated.RESULTS: MAE of each formulas was statistically different after surgery(P&#x003C;0.01), among which the MAE of Holladay ⅠWK and SRK/TWK [0.31(0.08, 0.57), 0.34(0.17, 0.63)D] was lower than other formulas. However, there were no statistical difference between SRK/TWK, Holladay ⅠWK and SRK/T, Haigis formulas [0.61(0.27, 1.02), 0.63(0.22, 1.01)D](P&#x003E;0.05). MAE were statistically different among the formulas in group A(27mm≤AL&#x003C;30mm; P&#x003C;0.01). The MAE of Holladay ⅠWK and SRK/TWK was lower than other formulas [0.18(0.05, 0.51), 0.28(0.16, 0.52)D], but there were no statistical difference with SRK/T and Haigis formulas [0.45(0.18, 0.65), 0.50(0.14, 0.75)D](P&#x003E;0.05). In group B(AL≥30mm), the MAE of each formulas was statistically different after surgery(P&#x003C;0.01), among which MAE of Holladay IWK and SRK/TWK was the lowest, followed by SRK/T and Haigis, whereas, Holladay I and Hoffer Q ranked the highest. Furthermore, there were statistical differences between MAE of SRK/TWK, Holladay ⅠWK [0.44(0.23, 0.67), 0.41(0.22, 0.66)D] and SRK/T, Haigis formulas [0.78(0.55, 1.07), 0.75(0.45, 1.25)D](all P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION: For cataract patients with AL ≥30mm, the Wang-Koch axial length adjustment formulas were relatively accurate in calculating diopter of intraocular lens, and had clinical application value to some extent.

Preparation, physicochemical characterization and cytocompatibility study of self-assembled silk fibroin nanoparticles / 药学学报

This study aimed to prepare silk fibroin nanoparticles (SF-NPs) and assess the physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of the formulation. An optimized and simplified solvent displacement method was employed to obtain SF-NPs. Single-factor prescription screening, such as silk fibroin (SF) solution concentration, the ratio of SF solution to organic solvent, ultrasonication power and time, and different types of organic phases, was used to optimize the formulation. The characterization of the optimal formulation included particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, morphology, and stability. The in vitro cell compatibility of the nanoparticles was evaluated using CCK-8 and Calcein-AM/PI cell viability staining. The results showed that when SF concentration was 20 mg·mL-1, volume ratio of aqueous phase to acetone was 1∶6, ultrasonic power was 80 W and ultrasonic time was 3 min, the best SF-NPs was obtained. The nanoparticles prepared in this study exhibit a near-spherical shape, with a uniform size distribution, having an average size of 144.8 nm, a PDI of 0.174, and a zeta potential of -27.35 mV. Results from in vitro cell experiments demonstrate excellent cell compatibility of SF-NPs, showing the ability to promote cell proliferation. The SF-NPs which were successfully prepared in this study exhibit uniform particle size and excellent biocompatibility.

Treatment Retention Rates of 3-monthly Paliperidone Palmitate and Risk Factors Associated with Discontinuation: A Population-based Cohort Study

Objective@#Limited evidence exists regarding real-world 3-monthly paliperidone palmitate (PP3M) treatment retention and associated factors. @*Methods@#We conducted a retrospective, nationwide cohort study using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between October 2017 and December 2019. Adult patients with schizophrenia initiated on PP3M were enrolled. The primary outcomes were time to PP3M discontinuation, time to psychiatric hospitalization, and the proportions of patients receiving the next PP3M dose within 120 days among first-, second-, and third-dose completers. Key covariates included prior PP1M duration and adequate PP3M initiation. @*Results@#The PP3M treatment retention rates were 79.7%, 66.3%, and 52.5% after 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively, with 86.4%, 90.6%, and 90.0% of respective first-, second-, and third-dose completers receiving the next PP3M dose. Adequate PP3M initiation and prior PP1M treatment duration ＞ 180 days were associated with favorable PP3M treatment retention. In multivariate analyses, PP1M durations of 180−360 days (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 1.76) or ＜ 180 days (aRR, 2.79) were associated with PP3M discontinuation at the second dose. Inadequate PP3M initiation was associated with discontinuation at the third dose (aRR, 2.18). Patients fully adherent to PP3M treatment in the first year had a higher probability of being free from psychiatric hospitalization (86.7% at 2 years), compared with those partially adherent or non-adherent to PP3M in the first year. @*Conclusion@#Prior PP1M duration and adequate PP3M initiation are major factors affecting PP3M treatment retention. Higher PP3M treatment retention is associated with a lower risk of psychiatric hospitalization.

Simultaneous determination of fifteen components in Niuhuang Jiangya Pills by UPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap MS / 药学学报

An ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap MS) method for the simultaneous determination of 15 compounds (taurocholic acid, 7-keto-3α,12-α-dihydroxycholanic acid, glycocholic acid, 3-oxo-7α,12α-hydroxy-5β-cholanoic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, 3α-hydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholanic acid, hyocholic acid, sodium taurodeoxycholate, hyodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, taurolithocholic acid sodium salt, chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid) in Niuhuang Jiangya Pills was established. The separation was performed on a Thermo Fisher Scientfic Bremen HYPERSIL GOLD C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.9 μm). Methanol and water (containing 0.1% formic acid)were adopted as the mobile phase by gradient elution．MS detection was performed with multiple reaction monitoring mode．The results showed that fifteen compounds had a good linearity within their respective concentration ranges (r > 0.999 0). The average recovery rates were 93.7%- 105.2% (n = 9). The established method was used to determine the content of 15 batches of samples, and the results showed that the content of cholic acid was quite different. The present study provides an important reference for the overall quality control of Niuhuang Jiangya Pills.

Application of debate-based immersive experiential teaching in the nursing practice teaching of stomatology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate the application of debate-based immersive experiential teaching in the nursing practice teaching of stomatology.Methods:A total of 82 nursing interns of stomatology in Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, were selected as research subjects and were then divided into control group and observation group using the lottery method, with 41 interns in each group. The interns in the control group received traditional teaching, while those in the observation group received debate-based immersive experiential teaching. The two groups were compared in terms of the scores of comprehensive evaluation indices, nursing thinking ability, empathy ability, and recognition of teaching. SPSS 22.0 was used to perform the chi-square test and the t-test. Results:Compared with the control group, the observation group had significant increases in the scores of theoretical examination, operation examination, nursing medical record writing, reading report writing, basic nursing, communication ability, and comprehensive performance and the total score of these dimensions ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group also had significant increases in the scores of nursing thinking ability and empathy ability ( P<0.05). The observation group had a significantly higher degree of recognition of teaching than the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:In the nursing practice teaching of stomatology, debate-based immersive experiential teaching can improve the comprehensive ability, nursing thinking ability, and empathy ability of interns, with a relatively high degree of recognition of teaching.

Investigation on myopia of junior high school students in Enshi, Hubei Province with different selenium content / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To investigate the myopia of junior high school students in Enshi, Hubei province with different selenium content, and analyze the correlation between the level of serum selenium, hair selenium and myopia.METHODS:A cross-sectional study. A total of 600 students from grades 1-3 of junior high schools(100 students in each grade)in selenium-rich(selenium in soil ≥1.28mg/kg)and selenium-deficient(selenium in soil &#x003C;1.28mg/kg)areas were randomly selected from September 2020 to September 2021, respectively. The level of serum selenium, hair selenium, glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and myopia condition were determined.RESULTS:The serum and hair selenium of myopic group(n=244, 40.7%)were 75.14±11.16μg/L and 0.51±0.01μg/g, respectively. Those in the non-myopic group(n=356, 59.3%)were 110.24±12.14μg/L and 0.68±0.02 μg/g, respectively. The serum selenium and hair selenium in the two groups were different(all P&#x003C;0.01). The serum selenium of 300 students in the selenium-deficient area was 76.74±11.25μg/L, the hair selenium was 0.45±0.01 μg/g, and the number of myopia cases was 154(51.3%); The serum selenium of 300 students in selenium-rich areas was 102.31±10.26 μg/L, the hair selenium was 0.71±0.02 μg/g, and the number of myopia cases was 90(30.0%), the serum and hair selenium in the selenium-rich areas were significantly higher than those compared with the students in selenium-deficient areas, and the myopic incidence was significantly reduced(all P&#x003C;0.01). The level of GSH-Px of the two areas was 114.65±12.12U/L vs 75.34±13.20U/L(Z=37.994, P&#x003C;0.01). There is a negative correlation between serum and hair selenium and the myopic incidence(r=-0.542, -0.621, P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION:Serum and hair selenium is significantly associated with myopia of junior high school students in Enshi, which may provide new ideas for the clinical prevention and treatment of myopia.

Study on the diagnostic value of transient elastography, APRI and FIB-4 for liver fibrosis in children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of transient elastography, aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), and fibrosis index based on 4 factors (FIB-4) for liver fibrosis in children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 100 cases of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Hunan Children's Hospital between August 2015 to October 2020 to collect liver tissue pathological and clinical data. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was used to analyze the diagnostic value of liver stiffness measurement (LSM), APRI and FIB-4 in the diagnosis of different stages of liver fibrosis caused by NAFLD in children. Results: The area under the ROC curve (AUC) value of LSM, APRI and FIB-4 for diagnosing liver fibrosis (S≥1) were 0.701 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.579 ~ 0.822, P = 0.011], 0.606 (95%CI: 0.436 ~ 0.775, P = 0.182), and 0.568 (95%CI: 0.397 ~ 0.740, P = 0.387), respectively. The best cut-off values were 6.65 kPa, 21.20, and 0.18, respectively. The AUCs value of LSM, APRI, and FIB-4 for diagnosing significant liver fibrosis (S≥ 2) were 0.660 (95% CI: 0.552 ~ 0.768, P = 0.006), 0.578 (95% CI: 0.464 ~ 0.691, P = 0.182) and 0.541 (95% CI: 0.427 ~ 0.655, P = 0.482), respectively. The best cut-off values were 7.35kpa, 24.78 and 0.22, respectively. The AUCs value of LSM, APRI and FIB-4 for the diagnosis of advanced liver fibrosis (S≥ 3) were 0.639 (95% CI: 0.446 ~ 0.832, P = 0.134), 0.613 (95% CI: 0.447 ~ 0.779, P = 0.223) and 0.587 (95% CI: 0.411 ~ 0.764, P = 0.346), respectively. The best cut-off values were 8.55kpa, 26.66 and 0.27, respectively. Conclusion: The transient elastography technique has a better diagnostic value than APRI and FIB-4 for liver fibrosis in children with NAFLD.

Mechanism of miRNA-146b regulating proliferation, metastasis and apoptosis of thyroid papillary carcinoma cells / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the role and mechanism of miR-146b in the proliferation, metastasis and apoptosis of thyroid papillary carcinoma cells.Methods:qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-146b in thyroid papillary carcinoma cells (NPA, GLAG-66, ONCNO-DG1 and B-CPAP) and normal human thyroid cell line HTori3. After B-CPAP cells were transfected with miR-146b inhibitor, the inhibition efficiency was detected by qRT-PCR, the effect of miR-146b on PTC cells proliferation was detected by MTT assay, the effect of miR-146b on PTC cells invasion was studied by Transwell assay, and the effect of miR-146b on tumor cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. SiRNA-IRAK1 was transfected into B-CPAP cell line. The cell proliferation rate, migration ability and apoptosis rate were detected by MTT, cell scratch test and flow cytometry respectively. The target gene of miR-146b, interleukin-1 associated receptor kinase 1 (IRAK1) , was predicted by bioinformatics software, and the regulatory effect of miR-146b on IRAK1 was verified by double fluorescein reporter gene experiment.Results:QRT-PCR showed that the expression of miR-146b in NPA87, KAT-5, FTC-133 and B-CPAP cell lines was significantly higher than that in normal cell HTori3, especially B-CPAP ( P<0.05) . MiR-146b inhibitor transfection could significantly reduce the expression level of miR-146b in B-CPAP cells ( P<0.01) . MTT results showed that miR-146b inhibitor could inhibit the proliferation of B-CPAP cells ( P<0.05) . Flow cytometry showed that miR-146b inhibitor could promote the apoptosis of B-CPAP cells ( P<0.05) . Transwell results showed that miR-146b inhibitor could reduce the invasive ability of B-CPAP cells ( P<0.05) . After transfection with siRNA-IRAK1, the proliferation rate of B-CPAP cells increased significantly (MTT test) , the migration ability increased (cell scratch test) , and the apoptosis rate decreased significantly (flow cytometry) ( P<0.05) . The results of double luciferase reporter gene showed that irak1 was the target gene of miR-146b, and miR-146b inhibitor could significantly up regulate the expression level of irak1 protein in B-CPAP cells. Conclusion:miR-146b may play a role in promoting the proliferation and metastasis and inhibiting cell apoptosis of PTC cells by inhibiting the downstream target protein IRAK1.

Advances of targeted delivery vectors for inducing browning of white adipose tissue / 药学学报

Obesity has become an important inducer of many public diseases such as diabetes, endocrine disorders, and so on. Anti-obesity treatment has become a hot topic. Inhibiting fat synthesis and promoting fat decomposition are important ways of drug anti-obesity treatment. With the in-depth study of the distribution, morphology and function of adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue containing multi-compartment fat drops and rich mitochondria have attracted people's attention. Beige adipocytes which are similar to brown adipocytes in morphology and function have aroused great interest, such cells can be transformed from white adipocytes by external stimulation or browning agents. This process is called "white fat browning". The expression of promoting energy consumption proteins in these cells increase, so that the function of adipocytes changes from energy storage to energy consumption to increase excessive energy consumption in the body and reduce lipid accumulation. The browning of white adipose tissue has brought new ideas for obesity treatment, but the systemic administration of browning agent has the risk of adverse reactions to non-target tissues such as heart and central nervous system, which limits its application in inducing white fat browning. Browning agents to white adipose tissue can reduce its adverse reactions and improve its bioavailability by constructing a drug delivery system targeting white adipose tissue. In this review, the mechanism on browning of white adipose tissue, the commonly used browning agents and the targeted delivery carriers that induce browning of white adipose tissue are summarized.